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Learn to read the G-clef.

The G-clef—also called the treble clef—is a map that tells you which musical note belongs at each height. You only need seven letter names and a few landmarks to begin.

The musical alphabet

Seven letters repeat

Notes use the letters A through G. After G, the sequence starts again at A. Moving upward on the staff moves forward through the letters; moving downward goes backward.

ABCDEFGA

The staff

Five lines, four spaces

The five horizontal lines are counted from the bottom upward: line 1 is the bottom line and line 5 is the top line. A note can sit on a line or in a space. Count every line and every space as one step in the musical alphabet.

The G-clef curls around line 2, marking that line as the note G.
Line notes E · G · B · D · F Bottom line to top line
Space notes F · A · C · E Bottom space to top space

Useful landmarks

Start with three reliable places

Bottom line: E

The lowest of the five staff lines is E.

Second line: G

The clef curls around line 2 and marks it as G. That is what the name G-clef means.

Top line: F

The highest staff line is F. Use it as an upper landmark.

From a landmark, move one line or space at a time and say the next letter. Speed comes after accuracy.

Note stems

Why the stem changes direction

The thin vertical part attached to a note is called its stem. Lower notes usually point the stem upward, keeping it inside the staff. Higher notes usually point the stem downward for the same reason. A note on the middle line may use either direction depending on the music.

Stem direction changes the shape, not the letter name or sound of the note.

Quick check

Name the note

Question 1 of 5

Which letter is shown on the staff?

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